Incoterms
Ex Works means that the seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods are made available to the buyer at the seller’s premises (manufacturing plant, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller is not responsible for loading the goods onto the vehicle provided by the buyer or for carrying out export customs clearance. All costs and risks related to transporting the goods from the seller’s premises to the desired destination are borne by the buyer. This term represents the minimum obligation for the seller. If the buyer is unable, directly or indirectly, to carry out export customs clearance, FCA should be used instead of this term.
1.1 A - Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods, the invoice, or an equivalent electronic message, in accordance with the sales contract; keep any other documents required by the contract ready.
• A.2 Licences, Authorizations, and Formalities
Upon the buyer’s request, assist, at the buyer’s risk and expense, in obtaining any export license or other official authorization necessary for the export of the goods.
• A.3 Contracts of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: No obligation.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of delivery on the agreed date or within the agreed period; if no time or place is agreed, deliver the goods at the usual time and place for such delivery.
• A.5 Transfer of Risks
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they have been made available to the buyer as per A.4, in accordance with the provisions of B.5.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs until the goods are delivered to the buyer in accordance with A.4, subject to the provisions of B.6.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice of when and where the goods will be made available.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
No obligation.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Pay the costs of checking (quality control, measuring, weighing, counting) necessary for the delivery of the goods. If the transport conditions were notified before the sales contract, ensure proper packaging and marking of the goods.
• A.10 Other Obligations
Upon the buyer’s request, assist, at the buyer’s risk and expense, in obtaining any documents required for the import/export or transit of the goods, except those mentioned in A.8. Provide necessary information for insurance procedures.
1.2 B - Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of the Price
Pay the price of the goods as specified in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licences, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at their own risk and expense, any export and import licenses, complete customs formalities, and where necessary, handle transit procedures.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery
Take delivery of the goods as soon as they are made available in accordance with A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risks
Assume all risks of loss or damage from the moment the goods have been delivered in accordance with A.4. If the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7, they bear the risk from the agreed delivery date or the end of the agreed delivery period—provided the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs from the moment the goods are made available in accordance with A.4. Also, pay any additional costs resulting from failure to take delivery or to give notice under B.7. Cover duties, taxes, and customs charges required for export, import, and transit procedur
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
If entitled to determine the time and/or place of delivery, provide sufficient notice to the seller.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Provide the seller with evidence that the goods have been received.
• B.9 Inspection of Goods
Unless otherwise agreed, bear the cost of any pre-shipment inspection, except when mandatory in the country of export.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear the costs related to obtaining the documents referred to in A.10 and reimburse the seller for any expenses incurred while assisting.
“Delivered to Carrier means that the seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods, having completed export customs clearance, are delivered to the carrier designated by the buyer at the specified location. If no delivery point is specified, the seller may choose a delivery point within the agreed area. If required by commercial practice, the seller may, at the buyer’s risk and expense, arrange a transport contract. This term can be used for any mode of transport, including multimodal transport. The term “carrier” refers to any person who undertakes or procures the carriage of goods by any means.
2.1 A - Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods, the invoice, or an equivalent electronic message in accordance with the sales contract, and make other required documents available.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licenses and complete all export formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: No obligation. However, if the buyer requests or if it is customary, the seller may, at the buyer’s risk and expense, arrange the contract of carriage.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Deliver the goods to the carrier designated by the buyer at the specified location (terminal or another point) on the agreed date or within the agreed period. If no delivery point is agreed, the seller may choose a point within the place of delivery.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they are delivered as per A.4, subject to B.5.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs until the goods are delivered as per A.4, including export duties, taxes, and customs formalities.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Notify the buyer that the goods have been handed over to the carrier. If the carrier fails to take the goods, inform the buyer.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
If customary, provide proof of delivery at the seller’s own cost. Upon the buyer’s request, assist in obtaining the transport document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear the costs of checking operations prior to delivery. Provide appropriate packaging and marking if the transport requirements have been communicated.
• A.10 Other Obligations
Upon the buyer’s request, assist, at the buyer’s risk and expense, in obtaining documents required for import/export or transit clearance. Provide insurance information if requested.
2.2 B - Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of the Price
Pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at its own risk and expense, import licenses and complete import and transit formalities.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
Except as provided in A.3.a, arrange, at its own cost, for the carriage of the goods from the specified place.
• B.4 Taking Delivery of Goods
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time they are delivered as per A.4. If the buyer fails to notify the seller in accordance with B.7 or if the carrier fails to take the goods, the buyer bears the risk from the agreed delivery date.
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs once the goods are delivered as per A.4, including additional costs, import duties, and customs charges.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Provide the seller with details of the carrier, mode of transport, and the date or place of delivery.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Inspection of Goods
Unless otherwise agreed or required in the export country, bear the cost of any pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear the costs of documents required under A.10 and reimburse the seller for any assistance provided.”
“Free Alongside Ship means that the seller’s delivery obligation is fulfilled when the goods are placed alongside the vessel (e.g. on the quay or on a barge) at the named port of shipment. From that point onward, all costs and risks of loss or damage to the goods are transferred to the buyer. The FAS term requires the buyer to carry out export formalities and can only be used for sea or inland waterway transport. If the buyer cannot directly or indirectly perform customs export formalities, this term should not be used.
A - Seller’s Obligations
A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods and the invoice or an equivalent electronic message in accordance with the sales contract; make available any other documents required by the contract.
A.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
At the buyer’s request, risk, and expense, assist in obtaining any export license or other official authorization required for the export of the goods.
A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: No obligation.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
A.4 Delivery of Goods
Deliver the goods alongside the vessel, at the named port of shipment, at the place designated by the buyer and in accordance with the port’s practices, on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they are delivered as per A.4, subject to B.5.
A.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs until the goods have been delivered as per A.4, in accordance with B.6.
A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give sufficient notice to the buyer that the goods have been delivered alongside the vessel.
A.8 Proof of Delivery
At the seller’s own cost, provide the buyer with proof that the goods have been delivered as per A.4. If this is not a transport document, assist the buyer, at the buyer’s risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document (e.g. a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill, or an inland waterway transport document). If agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear the costs of any checking operations (quality check, measuring, weighing, counting) necessary for delivery. Provide appropriate packaging and marking of the goods if the transport requirements have been communicated before the contract is concluded, unless it is customary for the goods to be delivered unpacked.
A.10 Other Obligations
At the buyer’s request, risk, and expense, assist in obtaining documents (other than those mentioned in A.8) required for the import/export or transit of the goods. Provide the information necessary for the buyer to obtain insurance.
B - Buyer’s Obligations
B.1 Payment of the Price
Pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract.
B.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import licenses and complete all customs formalities and, where necessary, transit formalities.
B.3 Contract of Carriage
Arrange and pay for the contract of carriage from the port of shipment.
B.4 Taking Delivery of Goods
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time they are delivered as per A.4. If the buyer fails to perform obligations under B.2 or to give notice under B.7, or if the vessel fails to arrive on time or is unable to take the goods, the buyer bears all risks from the agreed date or period of delivery (provided the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract).
B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs from the time the goods are delivered as per A.4. If the vessel fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or if the buyer fails to fulfill obligations under B.2 or B.7, bear any additional costs (provided the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract). Pay any duties, taxes, and customs formalities for export/import and transit, and reimburse the seller for assistance under A.2.
B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice regarding the vessel’s name, loading point, and delivery time.
B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
B.9 Inspection of Goods
Unless otherwise agreed or required in the country of export, bear the costs of any pre-shipment inspection.
B.10 Other Obligations
Bear the costs of documents as per A.10 and reimburse the seller for any assistance costs.”
Cost and Freight means that the seller pays the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. However, the risk of loss or damage and any additional costs are transferred to the buyer once the goods have passed the ship’s rail at the port of shipment. The seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export. This term is used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
1.1 A - Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods and the invoice or an equivalent electronic message in accordance with the sales contract; make available any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and expense, export licenses and complete export formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: Conclude a contract of carriage for the transport of the goods to the named port of destination at own cost.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Deliver the goods on board the ship at the named port of shipment on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they are delivered on board as per A.4, subject to B.5.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs until delivery as per A.4, including export duties, taxes, and customs formalities. Bear the costs of the contract of carriage as per A.3.a up to the port of destination.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered on board the ship.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide the buyer with a transport document (e.g., negotiable bill of lading, non-negotiable sea or inland waterway transport document) evidencing delivery as per A.4. If agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear costs of checking operations (quality check, measuring, weighing, counting) necessary for delivery. Provide appropriate packaging and marking if transport requirements have been communicated before the contract, unless the contract provides for delivery without packaging.
• A.10 Other Obligations
At buyer’s request, risk, and expense, assist in obtaining documents (other than those mentioned in A.8) required for import or transit. Provide necessary information for insurance.
1.2 B - Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of the Price
Pay the price as stated in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain import licenses and complete import customs formalities and transit formalities at own risk and expense.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery of Goods
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the moment they are delivered on board as per A.4. If the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7, bear the risks from the agreed date or period of delivery (provided the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4, including unloading costs at the port of destination. Pay any additional costs if the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7. Bear import duties, taxes, and customs formalities and reimburse the seller for assistance under A.2.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice of delivery time or, if applicable, the port of destination.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Inspection of Goods
If not otherwise agreed or mandatory in the export country, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents mentioned in A.10 and reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
Cost, Insurance and Freight means that, in addition to the obligations under CFR, the seller is also responsible for providing marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during carriage. The seller arranges and pays for the insurance. CIF provides minimum insurance coverage and is used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
2.1 A - Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods and the invoice or an equivalent electronic message in accordance with the sales contract; make available any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and expense, export licenses and complete export formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: Conclude a contract of carriage for the transport of the goods to the named port of destination at own cost.
b) Contract of Insurance: Conclude a marine insurance contract against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during carriage with minimum coverage, at own cost.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Deliver the goods on board the ship at the named port of shipment on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they are delivered on board as per A.4, subject to B.5.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs until delivery as per A.4, including export duties, taxes, customs formalities, and the costs of carriage and insurance as per A.3 up to the port of destination.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered on board the ship.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide the buyer with a transport document (e.g., negotiable bill of lading, non-negotiable sea or inland waterway transport document) and the insurance policy or certificate showing the insurance coverage evidencing delivery as per A.4. If agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the documents.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear costs of checking operations (quality check, measuring, weighing, counting) necessary for delivery. Provide appropriate packaging and marking if transport requirements have been communicated before the contract, unless the contract provides for delivery without packaging.
• A.10 Other Obligations
At buyer’s request, risk, and expense, assist in obtaining documents (other than those mentioned in A.8) required for import or transit.
2.2 B - Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of the Price
Pay the price as stated in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain import licenses and complete import customs formalities and transit formalities at own risk and expense.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery of Goods
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the moment they are delivered on board as per A.4. If the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7, bear the risks from the agreed date or period of delivery (provided the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4, including unloading costs at the port of destination. Pay any additional costs if the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7. Bear import duties, taxes, and customs formalities and reimburse the seller for assistance under A.2.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice of delivery time or, if applicable, the port of destination.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery and insurance documents as per A.8.
• B.9 Inspection of Goods
If not otherwise agreed or mandatory in the export country, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents mentioned in A.10 and reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
Carriage Paid To (CPT) means that the seller pays the freight necessary to transport the goods to the named place of destination. However, risk of loss or damage and any additional costs pass to the buyer when the goods have been delivered to the carrier. The seller completes export formalities. This term can be used for any mode of transport.
3.1 A - Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods and the invoice or an equivalent electronic message in accordance with the sales contract; make available any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and expense, export licenses and complete export formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: Conclude a contract of carriage for the transport of the goods to the named place of destination at own cost.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Deliver the goods to the carrier at the agreed date or within the agreed period at the place specified by the buyer. If no delivery point is agreed, the seller may choose a suitable point.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until delivery to the carrier as per A.4, subject to B.5.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs until delivery as per A.4, including export duties, taxes, customs formalities, and costs related to the contract of carriage up to the named destination as per A.3.a.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered to the carrier. If the carrier fails to take delivery, inform the buyer.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide the buyer with a transport document evidencing delivery as per A.4. If electronic communication has been agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear costs of checking operations (quality check, measuring, weighing, counting) necessary for delivery. Provide appropriate packaging and marking if transport requirements have been communicated before the contract, unless the contract provides for delivery without packaging.
• A.10 Other Obligations
At buyer’s request, risk, and expense, assist in obtaining documents (other than those mentioned in A.8) required for import or transit. Provide information necessary for insurance.
3.2 B - Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of the Price
Pay the price as stated in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain import licenses and complete import customs formalities and transit formalities at own risk and expense.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery of Goods
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the moment they are delivered to the carrier as per A.4. If the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7 or the carrier fails to take delivery, bear the risks from the agreed date or period of delivery (provided the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4. If the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7 or the carrier fails to take delivery, pay any additional costs. Bear import duties, taxes, and customs formalities and reimburse the seller for assistance under A.2.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice of the carrier’s identity, mode of transport, and time or place of delivery if these are to be determined by the buyer.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Inspection of Goods
If not otherwise agreed or mandatory in the export country, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents mentioned in A.10 and reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
Border Delivery means the seller’s responsibility ends when the goods are delivered at the border, before the customs border of the adjoining country, with export customs clearance completed. The term “border” covers any type of border, and the place of delivery must be clearly specified. This term can be used for any mode of transport.
4.1 A - Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods and the invoice or equivalent electronic message in accordance with the sales contract; make available any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and expense, export licenses and complete export formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: Conclude a contract of carriage at own cost for transporting the goods to the specified border delivery place.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Place the goods at the buyer’s disposal at the agreed border delivery place on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until delivery as per A.4, subject to B.5.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs and export duties, taxes, and customs formalities until delivery as per A.4. Cover costs of carriage to the border delivery place as per A.3.a.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been sent to the delivery place.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide the buyer with a transport document evidencing delivery as per A.4. If electronic communication is agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear costs of checking operations (quality control, measuring, weighing, counting) necessary for delivery. Provide appropriate packaging and marking if transport requirements have been communicated before the contract, unless the contract provides for delivery without packaging.
• A.10 Other Obligations
At buyer’s request, risk, and expense, assist in obtaining documents (other than those mentioned in A.8) required for import or transit. Provide information necessary for insurance.
4.2 B - Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of the Price
Pay the price as stated in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities
Obtain import licenses and complete import customs formalities and transit formalities at own risk and expense.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery of Goods
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the moment they are delivered as per A.4. If the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7, bear risks from the agreed delivery date or period (provided the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4. If the buyer fails to give notice as per B.7, pay any additional costs. Bear import duties, taxes, and customs formalities and reimburse the seller for assistance under A.2.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice of the time or place of delivery if these are to be determined by the buyer.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Inspection of Goods
If not otherwise agreed or mandatory in the export country, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents mentioned in A.10 and reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
Free On Board (FOB) The seller fulfills their delivery obligation by placing the goods on board the ship at the named port of shipment. From that moment, the risk of loss or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs, transfer to the buyer. The seller completes the export customs formalities. This term is used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
5.1 Seller’s Obligations
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Provision of Goods: Provide the goods and the invoice or equivalent electronic message as per the sales contract; prepare any other documents required by the contract.
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Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities: Obtain, at their own risk and cost, the export licenses and complete export formalities.
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Contract of Carriage and Insurance:
a) Carriage Contract: Make the contract of carriage and bear the costs for transporting the goods to the named port of shipment.
b) Insurance Contract: No obligation.
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Delivery of Goods: Deliver the goods on board the ship at the named port of shipment on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
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Transfer of Risk: Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they have been delivered on board the ship as per clause A.4.
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Allocation of Costs: Pay all costs relating to the goods until delivery on board the ship, including export duties, taxes, and customs formalities; also pay the costs of carriage to the named port of shipment.
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Notice to Buyer: Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered on board the ship at the named port of shipment.
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Proof of Delivery: Provide the buyer, at own cost, with the transport document evidencing delivery of the goods on board the ship (e.g., a bill of lading); if electronic communication is agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may be provided.
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Inspection, Packaging, and Marking: Pay costs of any pre-delivery inspections (quality control, measurement, weighing, counting); ensure appropriate packaging and marking as required by transport conditions or contract (unless agreed otherwise).
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Other Obligations: At the buyer’s request, assist, at the buyer’s risk and cost, in obtaining documents necessary for import or transit formalities (except for the delivery evidence in A.8); provide information for insurance purposes.
5.2 Buyer’s Obligations
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Payment: Pay the price for the goods as agreed in the sales contract.
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Licenses, Authorizations, and Formalities: Obtain, at own risk and cost, all import licenses and complete import customs formalities and transit formalities if applicable.
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Contract of Carriage: No obligation.
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Taking Delivery: Take delivery of the goods as per clause A.4.
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Transfer of Risk: Assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time they are delivered on board the ship as per clause A.4; if no notice is given as per clause B.7, assume risk from the agreed delivery date or period (provided goods have been duly separated).
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Allocation of Costs: Pay all costs from the time the goods are delivered on board the ship, including unloading costs at destination; if no notice is given or goods cannot be taken by the carrier, pay additional costs; bear import duties, taxes, and customs charges.
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Notice to Seller: Give sufficient notice to the seller if entitled to specify the delivery time or place.
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Proof of Delivery: Accept delivery evidence as per clause A.8.
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Inspection: Pay inspection costs prior to loading unless otherwise agreed or mandatory in the export country.
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Other Obligations: Pay costs of documents and reimburse seller’s assistance costs as per clause A.10.
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Delivered at Wharf (DAW) means the seller fulfills their delivery obligation by placing the goods at the disposal of the buyer on the quay at the named port of destination. The seller completes and bears the costs of customs formalities for export and import. This term is used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
6.1 Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods, invoice or equivalent electronic message as per the sales contract; prepare any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and cost, the necessary permits and complete export and import formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: At own cost, conclude a contract of carriage for transporting the goods to the named port of destination.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Place the goods at the disposal of the buyer on the quay at the named port of destination at the agreed time or within the agreed period.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A.4, as per B.5 provisions.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs until delivery in accordance with A.4, including export and import duties, taxes, and customs formalities; bear transport costs to the named port of destination as per A.3.a.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been sent and will be delivered at the port of destination.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide a transport document evidencing delivery of the goods as per A.4. If electronic communication is agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear the costs of necessary checks (quality control, measurement, weighing, counting) for delivery. If transport conditions are notified, ensure appropriate packaging and marking of the goods (unless delivery without packaging is agreed).
• A.10 Other Obligations
At the buyer’s request and risk and cost, assist in obtaining documents for transit (excluding those in A.8). Provide information necessary for insurance procedures.
6.2 Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of Price
Pay the price as specified in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
The buyer has no obligation for additional import licenses or formalities, as these are completed by the seller.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage from the time the goods are delivered as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, risk transfers from the agreed delivery date or period (provided goods are properly set aside).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, pay any additional costs.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice if entitled to fix the time or place of delivery.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Checking the Goods
If not agreed otherwise and not mandatory in the country of export, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents as per A.10; reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) means the seller fulfills their delivery obligation by placing the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination. The seller completes export customs formalities, but import customs formalities and costs are borne by the buyer. This term can be used for any mode of transport.
7.1 Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods, invoice or equivalent electronic message as per the sales contract; prepare any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and cost, the necessary permits and complete export formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: At own cost, conclude a contract of carriage for transporting the goods to the named place of destination.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination at the agreed time or within the agreed period.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A.4, as per B.5 provisions.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs until delivery in accordance with A.4, including export duties, taxes, and customs formalities; bear transport costs to the named place of destination as per A.3.a.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been sent and will be delivered at the place of destination.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide a transport document evidencing delivery of the goods as per A.4. If electronic communication is agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear the costs of necessary checks (quality control, measurement, weighing, counting) for delivery. If transport conditions are notified, ensure appropriate packaging and marking of the goods (unless delivery without packaging is agreed).
• A.10 Other Obligations
At the buyer’s request and risk and cost, assist in obtaining documents for import or transit (excluding those in A.8). Provide information necessary for insurance procedures.
7.2 Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of Price
Pay the price as specified in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
At own risk and cost, obtain import licenses, complete customs formalities, and where necessary, transit formalities.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage from the time the goods are delivered as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, risk transfers from the agreed delivery date or period (provided goods are properly set aside).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, pay any additional costs. Bear import duties, taxes, and customs formalities.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice if entitled to fix the time or place of delivery.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Checking the Goods
If not agreed otherwise and not mandatory in the country of export, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents as per A.10; reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) means the seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination without clearing import formalities. The seller completes export customs formalities, but import customs formalities and costs are borne by the buyer. This term can be used for any mode of transport.
1.1 Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods, invoice or equivalent electronic message as per the sales contract; prepare any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and cost, the necessary permits and complete export formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: At own cost, conclude a contract of carriage for transporting the goods to the named place of destination.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination at the agreed time or within the agreed period.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A.4, as per B.5 provisions.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs until delivery in accordance with A.4, including export duties, taxes, and customs formalities; bear transport costs to the named place of destination as per A.3.a.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been sent and will be delivered at the place of destination.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide a transport document evidencing delivery of the goods as per A.4. If electronic communication is agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear the costs of necessary checks (quality control, measurement, weighing, counting) for delivery. If transport conditions are notified, ensure appropriate packaging and marking of the goods (unless delivery without packaging is agreed).
• A.10 Other Obligations
At the buyer’s request and risk and cost, assist in obtaining documents for import or transit (excluding those in A.8). Provide information necessary for insurance procedures.
1.2 Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of Price
Pay the price as specified in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
At own risk and cost, obtain import permits, complete customs formalities, and, if necessary, transit formalities.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage from the time the goods are delivered as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, risk transfers from the agreed delivery date or period (provided goods are properly set aside).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, pay any additional costs. Bear import and transit duties, taxes, and customs charges. Reimburse seller for assistance costs under A.2.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice if entitled to fix the time or place of delivery.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Checking the Goods
If not agreed otherwise and not mandatory in the country of export, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents as per A.10; reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) means the seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination in the importer’s country, cleared for import. The seller bears all duties, taxes, and costs. DDP represents maximum obligation for the seller and can be used for any mode of transport.
8.1 Seller’s Obligations
• A.1 Provision of Goods
Provide the goods, invoice or equivalent electronic message as per the sales contract; prepare any other documents required by the contract.
• A.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
Obtain, at own risk and cost, the necessary permits and complete export and import formalities.
• A.3 Contract of Carriage and Insurance
a) Contract of Carriage: At own cost, conclude a contract of carriage for transporting the goods to the named place of destination.
b) Contract of Insurance: No obligation.
• A.4 Delivery of Goods
Place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination at the agreed time or within the agreed period.
• A.5 Transfer of Risk
Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A.4, as per B.5 provisions.
• A.6 Allocation of Costs
Bear all costs until delivery in accordance with A.4, including export and import duties, taxes, and customs formalities; bear transport costs to the named place of destination as per A.3.a.
• A.7 Notice to the Buyer
Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been sent and will be delivered at the place of destination.
• A.8 Proof of Delivery
At own cost, provide a transport document evidencing delivery of the goods as per A.4. If electronic communication is agreed, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message may replace the document.
• A.9 Checking, Packaging, Marking
Bear the costs of necessary checks (quality control, measurement, weighing, counting) for delivery. If transport conditions are notified, ensure appropriate packaging and marking of the goods (unless delivery without packaging is agreed).
• A.10 Other Obligations
At the buyer’s request and risk and cost, assist in obtaining documents for transit (excluding those in A.8). Provide information necessary for insurance procedures.
8.2 Buyer’s Obligations
• B.1 Payment of Price
Pay the price as specified in the sales contract.
• B.2 Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities
The buyer has no obligation for additional import licenses or formalities, as these are completed by the seller.
• B.3 Contract of Carriage
No obligation.
• B.4 Taking Delivery
Take delivery of the goods as per A.4.
• B.5 Transfer of Risk
Assume all risks of loss or damage from the time the goods are delivered as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, risk transfers from the agreed delivery date or period (provided goods are properly set aside).
• B.6 Allocation of Costs
Pay all costs upon delivery as per A.4. If no notice is given under B.7, pay any additional costs.
• B.7 Notice to the Seller
Give the seller sufficient notice if entitled to fix the time or place of delivery.
• B.8 Proof of Delivery
Accept proof of delivery as per A.8.
• B.9 Checking the Goods
If not agreed otherwise and not mandatory in the country of export, bear costs of pre-shipment inspection.
• B.10 Other Obligations
Bear costs of documents as per A.10; reimburse the seller for assistance costs.
